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41.
42.
二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(DEHPA)一直成功的作为一种含有氯仿膜的大块液膜载体有效的传输Ce~(4+)。文章采用有氯仿膜的大块液膜方法进行Ce~(4+)的传输研究,结果表明:pH为2左右的料液中含有纯净的Ce~(4+)或者Ce~(4+)与一些阳离子二者的混合物,这些阳离子包括Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Na~+,K~+,Pb~(2+),Fe~(3+),Cu~(2+),以及UO~(2+)等,而0.1mol/L的盐酸为传输池中分散相的反萃取剂。大于99%的Ce~(4+)会在2h以内有选择的渗入液膜以内,而在相同时间内其他阳离子的传输量将少于3%。料液相中存在的Fe~(3+)和UO~(2+)的存在对铈离子的传输有极大的影响。Fe~(3+)可以有效地利用加入到料液中的硫氰化钾或柠檬酸加以掩蔽,但是UO~(2+)的共传输却只能利用加入到料液相中的碳酸盐或硫氰酸盐来加以减少。 相似文献
43.
Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for Dechlorane Plus (DP), a highly chlorinated flame retardant, were determined in three bottom fish species, i.e., crucian carp, mud carp, and northern snakehead from an electronic waste recycling site in South China. The average BSAFs are 0.007, 0.01, and 0.06 for syn-DP, and 0.003, 0.025, and 0.001 for anti-DP in crucian carp, mud carp, and northern snakehead, respectively, suggesting low bioaccumulation potential of DP isomers in these fish. However, the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) determined previously in the same sample set indicated that both DP isomers were highly bioaccumulative (BAFs>5000) in most of the samples. This implies that BSAF values may be inherently inconsistent affecting their reliability as a bioaccumulation indicator. The BSAFs for DP isomers are two orders of magnitude lower than those (average of 0.43-2.28) for extremely hydrophobic polychlorinated biphenyls (CBs 199, 203, 207 and 208), but are comparable to those (average of 0.0001-0.009) for decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) determined in the same sample set. Despite of the different chemical structures of the three compound classes, significantly negative correlations between logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficients (log K(OW)s) and BSAFs of these chemicals were found, indicating that hydrophobicity is one of the key factors influencing the bioaccumulation of these compounds. 相似文献
44.
Xiu-Lan Zhang Xiao-Jun Luo She-Jun Chen Bi-Xian Mai 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(6):1917-1923
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) were detected in fifteen surface sediments and two sediment cores collected from a river in one heavily industrialized region of South China. TBBPA and DBDPE were detected with concentrations ranging from 3.8 to 230 ng/g dw and from 23 to 430 ng/g dw, respectively. Σtri-hepta-BDEs and Σnona-deca-BDEs ranged from 0.7 to 7.6 ng/g dw and from 30 to 5700 ng/g dw, respectively. Σtri-hepta-BDEs showed an increasing trend whereas for Σnona-deca-BDE two sediment cores revealed a decreasing trend in more recent sediment layers which may attributed to the introduction of DBDPE. The rapid increasing trend for TBBPA and DBDPE in recent sediment layers well reflected the rising demand of these two compounds in study area. 相似文献
45.
An T Zhang D Li G Mai B Fu J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3529-3535
Gas samples and total suspended particle during work and off work time were investigated on-site and off-site electronic waste dismantling workshop (I- and O-EWDW), then compared with plastic recycling workshop (PRW) and waste incineration plant (WIP). TSP concentrations and total PBDE were 0.36-2.21 mg/m3 and 27-2975 ng/m3 at different workshops, respectively. BDE-47, -99, and -209 were major ∑PBDE congeners at I-EWDW and WIP, while BDE-209 was only dominant congener in PRW and control sites during work time and all sites during off work time. The gas-particle partitioning result was well correlated with the subcooled liquid vapor pressure for all samples, except for WIP and I-EDWD, at park during work time, and residential area during off work time. The predicted urban curve fitted well with measured φ values at O-DEWD during work time, whereas it was slightly overestimated or underestimated for others. Exposure assessment revealed the highest exposure site was I-EDWD. 相似文献
46.
Recent studies have indicated that Dechlorane Plus (DP) is widespread in the environments. However, different isomer-specific enrichment pattern of syn-DP and anti-DP was reported in biological samples from the field. In this study, Sprague–Dawley rats were consecutively exposed to commercial DP 25 by gavage for 90 d at different doses (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg kg?1 d?1) to investigate the accumulation pattern of syn-DP and anti-DP in liver, muscle, and serum of rats. The possible biological effects of DP on rats were also examined. Results showed that DP preferentially accumulated in the liver rather than in muscle at all exposure levels. No significant stereoselectivity of anti-DP or syn-DP in tissues was observed in the low DP exposure groups (0 and 1 mg kg?1 d?1) with fanti values (defined as the concentration of the anti-DP divided by the sum of concentrations of anti- and syn-DP) ranging from 0.74 to 0.78. However, fanti values reduced (fanti ranged from 0.26 to 0.30) significantly in the high DP exposure groups (10 and 100 mg kg?1 d?1) and syn-DP was predominant in all tissues. Biochemical parameters in serum, the mRNA expression levels of certain enzymes and their activities in liver were detected. There was no observable-effect in histopathology and death during the experiment, although the mRNA expression levels of some genes in the low dosage group decreased significantly and enzyme activity of CYP 2B2 increased. 相似文献
47.
48.
Gleason SM Faucette DT Toyofuku MM Torres CA Bagley CF 《Environmental management》2007,40(6):1016-1024
Acting under the auspices of the US Endangered Species Act, we quantified wind erosion and its effects on rare and common
plant species on a semi-arid military installation in Hawaii. Our goal was to develop management strategies, based on local
data, to aid the conservation of rare and common indigenous plants and their habitats. We collected windblown soil coming
off of roads and other disturbed soils to assess likely impacts to plants occurring at certain heights and distances from
disturbed surfaces. We then subjected plants in a glasshouse to windblown dust treatments, designed from our field data to
simulate erosion events, and evaluated the effect of these treatments on photosynthesis and survival. We also designed several
field experiments to examine the in-situ effects of windblown soil and soil substrate on germination, growth rate, and survival
of indigenous and nonindigenous plants. We conclude from these experiments that most direct effects of windblown soil to plants
can be effectively mitigated by locating roads and training areas at least 40 m from sensitive plant habitats and through
vegetation management to maintain at least 11% aerial cover on disturbed surfaces. Effects of soil type on germination, growth,
and survival was species-specific, emphasizing the importance of species trials prior to, or during, rehabilitation efforts. 相似文献
49.
Joy Onasch Paul ShoemakerHoa Mai Nguyen Cora Roelofs 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(5):408-413
The Toxics Use Reduction Institute (TURI), Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC), and Vietnamese American Initiative for Development (Viet-AID) have worked with small business sectors to reduce their use of toxic chemicals. Three cases, described here, in dry cleaning, auto shops and floor finishing share common approaches for creating successful models of effective dissemination of toxics use reduction in small businesses. These include direct business support, peer-to-peer training and promotion of alternatives, and collaborations with stakeholders to achieve greener businesses. These results were achieved despite predictable barriers of lack of resources, suspicion of safer alternatives, and language and cultural barriers. 相似文献
50.
Distribution and partition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in surface water of the Pearl River Estuary, South China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Luo XJ Mai BX Yang QS Chen SJ Zeng EY 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,145(1-3):427-436
Water samples were collected in the Pearl River Estuary in July 2002 and April 2003. The particulate and dissolved phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined. Total PAH concentrations in water samples were higher in April of 2003 (C (p): 4.0-39.1 ng/L or 445.1-1,089.9 ng/g; C (w): 15.9-184.2 ng/L) than in July of 2002 (C (p): 2.6-26.6 ng/L or 297.7-1,336.6 ng/g; C (w): 12.9-28.3 ng/L). It was found that 5, 6-ring PAHs enrich in the inner estuary samples and so did 3-ring PAHs in the July samples. Compositional differences in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) might be responsible for this observation. The partition coefficient (K (p)) increased with the increasing of the particular organic carbon content of suspended particles as well as the salinity of water, decreased with the increase of the total suspended particles content of samples. A linear correlation between logK (OC) and logK (OW) was found in two sampling periods. The observed values of logK (OC) exceed their predicted values derived form linear free energy relationship between logK (oc) and logK (ow), which could be attributed to the nonlinear sorption of soot-like carbons in suspended particles. 相似文献